#Sequence of events in protein synthesis full#
#Sequence of events in protein synthesis code#

#Sequence of events in protein synthesis code#

The mechanism by which cells turn the DNA code into a protein product is a two-step process, with an RNA molecule as the intermediate.įigure 1. The Genetic Code. DNA holds all of the genetic information necessary to build a cell’s proteins. Therefore, a gene, which is composed of multiple triplets in a unique sequence, provides the code to build an entire protein, with multiple amino acids in the proper sequence (Figure 1). Similar to the way in which the three-letter code d-o-g signals the image of a dog, the three-letter DNA base code signals the use of a particular amino acid.įor example, the DNA triplet CAC (cytosine, adenine, and cytosine) specifies the amino acid valine. A triplet is a section of three DNA bases in a row that codes for a specific amino acid. The sequence of bases in a gene (that is, its sequence of A, T, C, G nucleotides) translates to an amino acid sequence. Recall that proteins are polymers, or chains, of many amino acid building blocks. The interpretation of genes works in the following way. Gene expression, which transforms the information coded in a gene to a final gene product, ultimately dictates the structure and function of a cell by determining which proteins are made. Each particular gene provides the code necessary to construct a particular protein. A gene is a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein.

#Sequence of events in protein synthesis full#

Just as the cell’s genome describes its full complement of DNA, a cell’s proteome is its full complement of proteins. Whatever the cellular process may be, it is almost sure to involve proteins. Some of these critical biochemical reactions include building larger molecules from smaller components (such as occurs during DNA replication or synthesis of microtubules) and breaking down larger molecules into smaller components (such as when harvesting chemical energy from nutrient molecules). One of the most important classes of proteins is enzymes, which help speed up necessary biochemical reactions that take place inside the cell. Most structural components of the cell are made up, at least in part, by proteins and virtually all the functions that a cell carries out are completed with the help of proteins. This refers to the fact that DNA contains the information necessary for the cell to build one very important type of molecule: the protein. It was mentioned earlier that DNA provides a “blueprint” for the cell structure and physiology. Explain how the genetic code stored within DNA determines the protein that will form.